SORA 2.5
SORA 2.5 (Specific Operations Risk Assessment) is an updated methodology for assessing the risks associated with UAS operations. It provides a framework for operations conducted in the specific category.
Key Changes in SORA 2.5
SORA 2.5 introduces a clearer and more harmonised documentation structure, making the application process easier for both operators and competent authorities. Applications are now expected to include more clearly defined documentation, such as an Operations Manual, a Compliance Matrix and a comprehensive application form. This helps reduce ambiguities and facilitates a more efficient assessment process.
At the same time, the risk assessment methodology has been significantly enhanced by moving from a predominantly qualitative approach towards a more quantitative model, particularly regarding ground risk assessment. The assessment now takes into account factors such as population density and the characteristics of the drone being used in greater detail.
The overall process has been simplified by reducing the number of assessment steps and making the workflow more logical and easier to follow. Operational Safety Objectives (OSOs) continue to play a central role, while the responsibilities of operators, manufacturers and third parties have been more clearly defined than in previous versions.
Use of Population Density Maps for Ground Risk Assessment
One of the most significant changes introduced in SORA 2.5 is the assessment of ground risk based on the actual population density of the area overflown. Population density maps are therefore required when conducting the ground risk assessment as part of a SORA 2.5 application.
When applying for an operational authorization based on SORA 2.5, Traficom requires operators to use geospatial data provided by Statistics Finland. For ground risk assessments, operators may use the 1 km × 1 km grid database until the 250 m × 250 m grid database becomes generally available. Operators may already use the paid 250 m × 250 m grid database if needed. Both databases are available through the Statistics Finland website.
Open geospatial datasets Ulkoinen verkkopalvelu.
Population density information can also be viewed using the private web-based map service Flyk by enabling the SORA filter in the map settings. Flyk displays population density using a 1 km × 1 km grid
Flyk aeronautical map Ulkoinen verkkopalvelu.
EASA is currently developing a Europe-wide population density map for ground risk assessment. Once available, operators are encouraged to use it as a tool for evaluating ground risk.
EASA (English) Ulkoinen verkkopalvelu.
A detailed description of the SORA 2.5 methodology is available in the EASA
Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) Annex to ED Decision 2025/018/R Ulkoinen verkkopalvelu.
Application Process
Applicants must submit the following documents to Traficom:
• SORA 2.5 application form
• Compliance Matrix
• Operations Manual, prepared in accordance with the EASA template
• Any other supporting documents that may be required
SORA 2.5 application form (fee-based) Ulkoinen verkkopalvelu.
Compliance Matrix Ulkoinen verkkopalvelu.
EASA Operations Manual template (SAIL II) Ulkoinen verkkopalvelu.
The application and all supporting documentation must be submitted to: kirjaamo@traficom.fi
The current processing time for applications under the Specific Category is approximately 12 months.
Operational Authorization Fees
An operational authorisation is subject to a fee in accordance with the Government Decree on chargeable performances provided by the Finnish Transport and Communications Agency (Traficom).
Further information on applicable fees is available on Traficom's website Ulkoinen verkkopalvelu..